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Tracing the Lipid Fingerprints of Preeclampsia
Suniti Vaishya1, Sadhana Ramchandra Joshi2
1Mother and Child Health, ICMR-Collaborating Centre for Excellence (ICMR-CCoE), Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
Insights
Altered lipid metabolism and specific metabolites in early pregnancy are linked to preeclampsia (PE). Measuring these lipid profiles can improve prediction of PE and future cardiovascular risks.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Biochemistry
- Metabolomics
Background:
- Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal mortality, characterized by placental dysfunction.
- The exact etiology and pathophysiology of PE remain elusive despite extensive research.
- Previous studies indicate deregulated maternal and placental lipid metabolism in PE pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the role of lipid metabolism in PE pathogenesis.
- To highlight altered lipidome signatures associated with PE.
- To discuss the potential of lipidomics for early PE prediction and future cardiovascular risk assessment.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of lipidomics data, focusing on glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol metabolism.
- Identification of specific lipid metabolites altered in PE.
- Evaluation of combined lipid biomarkers with protein biomarkers (sFlt-1/PlGF) for PE prediction.
Main Results:
- Specific metabolites like SM C28:1, SM C30:1, LPC C19:0, LPE C20:0, propane-1,3-diol, CE17:1, and CER(d20:1/24:1) show alterations in PE.
- Combining these lipid metabolites with sFlt-1/PlGF improves PE prediction accuracy.
- A comprehensive lipid profile in early pregnancy offers insights into PE pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Lipid metabolism plays a significant role in PE pathogenesis.
- Altered lipidome signatures are characteristic of PE.
- Lipidomics holds promise for early PE detection and predicting future maternal and child cardiovascular risks.
Abstract:
Preeclampsia (PE) is the most common pregnancy-related complication responsible for maternal mortality and morbidity. PE pathogenesis is characterized by placental dysfunction, impaired invasion of trophoblast, and defective spiral artery remodelling. Even after many years of research on PE, the etiology and pathophysiology of PE is still elusive. Our earlier studies have shown deregulated maternal and placental fatty acid and lipid metabolism to be associated with the pathogenesis of PE. Currently available lipidomics data have shown that glycerophospholipids, sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism are mainly altered in preeclampsia. Including these five metabolites (SM C28:1, SM C30:1, LPC C19:0, LPE C20:0, propane-1,3-diol) with currently used protein biomarkers like sFlt-1/PlGF will improve PE prediction. Similarly, CE17:1 and CER(d20:1/24:1) alongwith sFlt-1/PlGF makes a better prediction of PE than sFlt-1/PlGF alone A comprehensive map of lipid profiles in early pregnancy may provide an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and will be useful predictive biomarkers. In this article, we aimed to summarize the significance of lipid metabolism in the preeclampsia pathogenesis and altered lipidome signatures in preeclampsia. We also discuss the future scope of lipidomics in aiding early prediction of PE and future cardiovascular risk in both mother and child.
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