Sequence of the amino terminal half of rat testis-specific histone variant H1t

H1t is a testis-specific H1 histone variant that appears during the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis in mammals. The sequence of the first 108 residues of rat H1t have been determined and compared to boar H1t and also to a consensus sequence characteristic of standard somatic H1 variants. The two versions of H1t share a common pattern of divergence from the standard somatic consensus. For example, they both share many substitutions within the H1 globular region (residues 40-110), a portion of the molecule that is virtually invariant among the common somatic variants. Within the entire region sequenced, there are 28 shared locations where both forms of H1t differ from the somatic consensus. However, identical substitutions occur at only 15 of these sites, and each protein also differs from the consensus at five (boar) or ten (rat) additional locations that are not shared. These results establish that H1t from diverse sources shows a characteristic pattern of divergence from the sequence of standard somatic H1 proteins. However, it is also clear that there is great tolerance for species-specific variation within this H1 class.