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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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The Complex Web of Interferences With Thyroid Function Tests.

Huda Al-Bahadili1, Jennifer Powers Carson1, Alexander Markov2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid function tests can be misleading due to common assay and drug interferences. Identifying these interferences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient management of thyroid disorders.

Keywords:
abnormal thyroid function testsassay interferencebiotiniodine

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Thyroid disorders are prevalent, with serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) being a key diagnostic marker.
  • Automated immunoassays for thyroid function are prone to interferences, potentially impacting clinical decisions.
  • Understanding these interferences is vital for accurate thyroid disease diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review common laboratory assay and drug interferences affecting thyroid function tests.
  • To discuss how these interferences can lead to misdiagnosis of thyroid dysfunction.
  • To highlight the clinical implications of unrecognized interferences.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review of PubMed was conducted.
  • Studies focused on drug-related and laboratory assay interferences impacting thyroid function.
  • Included interferences affecting primary/secondary thyroid dysfunction and hormone replacement.

Main Results:

  • Various drugs (amiodarone, lithium, TKIs, ICIs, glucocorticoids) can interfere with thyroid function tests.
  • Assay interferences from biotin, heterophile antibodies, and others can mimic thyroid dysfunction.
  • Drug effects extend to thyroid hormone absorption, metabolism, and binding globulin levels.

Conclusions:

  • Assay interferences can lead to abnormal thyroid function tests without underlying thyroid disease.
  • Identifying interferences is essential when clinical findings contradict test results.
  • Accurate patient management hinges on recognizing and addressing assay and drug interferences.