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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

MAME Models for 4D Live-cell Imaging of Tumor: Microenvironment Interactions that Impact Malignant Progression

MAME Models for 4D Live-cell Imaging of Tumor: Microenvironment Interactions that Impact Malignant Progression

Published on: February 17, 2012

Tumour evolution and microenvironment interactions in 2D and 3D space.

Chia-Kuei Mo^1,2, Jingxian Liu^1,2, Siqi Chen^1,2

¹Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.

|October 31, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how cancer cells interact spatially within tumors, identifying distinct

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Monitoring Cancer Cell Invasion and T-Cell Cytotoxicity in 3D Culture

Monitoring Cancer Cell Invasion and T-Cell Cytotoxicity in 3D Culture

Published on: June 23, 2020

Area of Science:

Cancer Biology and Spatial Omics

Background:

Understanding spatial interactions between cancer and non-cancer cells is crucial for deciphering tumor heterogeneity and evolution.
Tumor microenvironments are complex, with spatial organization influencing cancer progression and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the spatial organization and cellular interactions within diverse tumor types using multi-omic spatial profiling.
To define and characterize tumor microregions and spatial subclones based on cellular composition and genetic alterations.
To explore the 3D spatial architecture of tumors and its relationship with immune cell infiltration and exhaustion.

Main Methods:

Visium spatial transcriptomics (ST) on 131 tumor sections across 6 cancer types.
Integration with single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and co-detection by indexing (CODEX) data.
3D reconstruction using serial ST sections and application of deep learning for immune microenvironment analysis.

Main Results:

Defined 'tumor microregions' and 'spatial subclones' with distinct genetic alterations and oncogenic activities.
Identified spatial metabolic activity gradients and antigen presentation patterns within microregions.
Characterized variable immune cell infiltration, with T cells within microregions and macrophages at boundaries; identified immune hot/cold neighborhoods and immune exhaustion markers in 3D.

Conclusions:

Spatial organization and interactions within tumor microregions and subclones significantly impact tumor biology.
3D tumor architecture influences immune cell distribution and immune evasion strategies.
This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding spatial tumor evolution and microenvironment dynamics.