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Published on: September 11, 2020
Pneumococcal serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance in children in South and Southeast Asia, 2012-2024
Tzou-Yien Lin1,2, Cheng-Hsun Chiu1,2, Patrick Cy Woo3
1Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Abstract:
This narrative review describes pneumococcal serotype prevalence for invasive disease and carriage and antibiotic resistance among specimens collected from children in countries across South and Southeast Asia from 2012 to 2024. Literature search retrieved 326 articles; 96 were included. The prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes varied geographically and over time after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Serotypes common in both pneumococcal carriage and disease were 6A, 6B, 14, 15B/15C, 19F, and 23F; serotypes 1, 3, 5, 19A, 15A, 10A, and 35B were also common in disease. Most of these serotypes are included in the 13-valent and 10-valent PCV. Carriage and disease isolates remained generally highly susceptible to vancomycin (mostly 100%) and levofloxacin (mostly >97%). These findings indicate that vaccine-preventable serotypes contribute significantly to pneumococcal disease burden in children in South and Southeast Asia. Consistency of national immunization programs with World Health Organization recommendations may reduce rates of pneumococcal disease in this region.
Insights
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) target key serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease and carriage in South and Southeast Asian children. Continued vaccination is crucial for reducing disease burden and antibiotic resistance.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- * Streptococcus pneumoniae causes invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and carriage in children globally.
- * Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been introduced in South and Southeast Asia, impacting serotype prevalence.
- * Understanding regional serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance is vital for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review pneumococcal serotype prevalence in invasive disease and carriage among children in South and Southeast Asia (2012-2024).
- * To assess antibiotic resistance patterns of pneumococcal isolates in the region.
- * To inform vaccination strategies and public health interventions.
Main Methods:
- * Narrative review of literature.
- * Systematic search and inclusion of 96 articles from 326 retrieved.
- * Analysis of pneumococcal serotype prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility data.
Main Results:
- * Significant geographic and temporal variation in pneumococcal serotype prevalence post-PCV introduction.
- * Common serotypes in both carriage and disease: 6A, 6B, 14, 15B/15C, 19F, 23F.
- * Serotypes 1, 3, 5, 19A, 15A, 10A, 35B were common in disease; most are PCV-targeted.
- * High susceptibility to vancomycin (>97%) and levofloxacin (>97%) observed.
Conclusions:
- * Vaccine-preventable serotypes significantly contribute to the pneumococcal disease burden in children in South and Southeast Asia.
- * Aligning national immunization programs with WHO recommendations can lower pneumococcal disease rates.
- * Ongoing surveillance of serotype prevalence and resistance is essential.
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