Key Process Control for Synthesizing High-Performance Inherently Flame-Retardant Long-Chain Bio-Based Polyamide

Long-chain bio-based polyamide has shown promising development prospects due to its excellent properties and green renewable characteristics; however, synthesizing inherently flame-retardant long-chain bio-based polyamide remains a big challenge due to the lack of effective knowledge of the key polymerization process. Herein, intrinsicly flame-retardant long-chain bio-based polyamide 512 (PA512) was synthesized in the presence of a reactive flame retardant with high thermal stability and good water solubility. The reaction conditions and existing problems in each stage of the copolymerization system have been clarified and optimized. By utilizing a two-step pre-polymerization approach, a series of intrinsicly flame-retardant PA512 (FRPA512) with large molecular weight, high phosphorus element content and good mechanical properties were obtained. More importantly, the prepared FRPA512 with 5 wt % flame retardant loading exhibited good flame retardancy, showing a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.1 % and a vertical burning rating of V-0. This study provides a feasible solution to the common problem in the synthesis of flame-retardant polyamides, while also offering new insights for future modification of polyamide copolymerization.