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Advancing Precision in Penile Length Measurement: Evidence-based Synthesis of Stretched Penile Length INdicator
Prabudh Goel1, Prativa Choudhury1, Komal Kaur Saroya1
1Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Insights
This study proposes the Stretched Penile Length Indicator Technique (SPLINT) for accurate penile length measurement in children. SPLINT addresses measurement variations by standardizing techniques and accounting for key factors.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric endocrinology
- Human anatomy
- Medical measurement techniques
Background:
- Penile length (PL) measurement is crucial in pediatric endocrinology.
- Existing methods for PL estimation exhibit significant heterogeneity.
- Lack of a standardized technique complicates accurate assessment, particularly for stretched penile length (SPL).
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize existing evidence on penile length measurement techniques.
- To propose a standardized and reliable technique for estimating stretched penile length (SPL) in children.
- To address the heterogeneity observed in current PL measurement practices.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for studies on human PL measurement techniques (1990 onwards).
- Identified and analyzed devices, techniques, participant characteristics, and environmental factors influencing PL measurement from 145 studies (90,895 participants).
Main Results:
- Stretched penile length (SPL) was the most frequently reported PL state (81.3%).
- Diverse measurement devices were used, including rulers (54.68%) and calipers (9.7%).
- Key factors influencing SPL measurement were identified and integrated into the proposed SPLINT technique.
Conclusions:
- Significant heterogeneity exists in current penile length (PL) estimation techniques.
- The proposed Stretched Penile Length Indicator Technique (SPLINT) offers a standardized approach.
- SPLINT aims to improve the accuracy and consistency of SPL measurements in pediatric populations.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to synthesize evidence and propose a technique for estimation of stretched penile length (SPL) applicable to children.
Materials And Methods:
This review has been conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were queried on penile length (PL) measurement techniques in humans published from 1990 onward. The devices and the techniques used for PL measurement, state of the penis, the habitus of the participants, proximal and distal landmarks for measurement, handling the foreskin and pubic pad of fat, optimal stretching of the penis, and other factors (including the environment) which should be accounted for in the technique were identified from the study cohort (90895 participants across 145 included studies).
Results:
PL has been represented through flaccid (33.79%), stretched (81.3%), and erect (12.41%) PLs as well as the greatest corporeal length (1.4%). Following devices have been used to measure the PL in the study cohort: rulers [54.68%], calipers [9.7%], measuring tapes [14.5%], coloured measuring strips [2.06%], spatulas/tongue depressors [11.03%], FitKit, syringe [1.4%], cotton swab (and ruler), titan cylinders, slide gauge and ultrasonography [1.37%]. The factors relevant to SPL measurement have been incorporated into the proposed SPL INdicator Technique (SPLINT) which is essentially a holistic extension of the "Conventional PL Measurement" technique.
Conclusions:
There is a wide range of heterogeneity in the technique for estimation of PL across the study cohort; the underlying factors have been identified along with the respective variables, and the SPLINT for SPL has been described.
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