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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

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The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures
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Myelin in the developing human cerebrum.

M Martinez

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    |February 5, 1986
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Human myelin composition is more stable during early development than previously thought. Freezing human brain tissue significantly alters myelin basic protein (MBP) content, not developmental changes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biochemistry
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Human myelin composition is crucial for brain development and function.
    • Previous studies on early human myelin composition yielded controversial results.
    • Understanding myelin maturation is key to diagnosing and treating neurological disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To accurately determine the lipid and protein composition of early-stage human myelin.
    • To resolve discrepancies in existing research on human myelin development.
    • To investigate the impact of tissue processing on myelin composition.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of myelin from unfrozen infant cerebrum with later developmental stages and previously published data from frozen brains.
    • Analysis of lipid and protein composition.
    • Evaluation of three myelin isolation procedures.
    • Assessment of storage duration effects on frozen brain tissue.

    Main Results:

    • Myelin preparations exhibited high purity.
    • Lipid composition remained largely consistent across developmental stages and processing methods.
    • Protein composition, particularly myelin basic protein (MBP), was significantly altered by freezing and prolonged storage.
    • Unfrozen brain samples yielded high MBP values, even in newborns, indicating mature myelin.

    Conclusions:

    • Early human myelin development is more subtle than previously assumed.
    • Freezing and storage artifacts significantly impact myelin protein analysis, especially MBP.
    • Accurate assessment of human myelin composition requires immediate analysis of unfrozen tissue.