[Research Progress on Prognostic Factors in Patients with Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome--Review]

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of heterogeneous clonal disorders originating from hematopoietic stem cells, characterized by hemocytopenia and a high risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The expected survival time of MDS patients varies widely, and accurate prognostic assessment is particularly important. Currently, patients with MDS are usually classified into a higher-risk group (HR-MDS) and a lower-risk group (LR-MDS) based on clinical prognostic scoring systems, but these scoring systems have certain limitations. Patients with LR-MDS account for 2/3 of MDS patients, with a lower risk of disease progression and a better prognosis, and their treatment mainly relies on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, immunosuppressants and component transfusion. However, some LR-MDS patients still have poor prognosis, and the existing prognostic scoring systems cannot accurately evaluate their prognosis. In this review, the potential factors that may influence the prognosis of MDS patients beyond the existing assessment criteria were briefly summarized, with the aim of providing reference for the prognosis evaluation and treatment of LR-MDS patients.