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A Comparison of Pediatric Prehospital Opioid Encounters and Social Vulnerability

Stephen Sandelich1, Garrett Cavaliere1, Christopher Buresh2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania.

Prehospital Emergency Care
|October 31, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Socioeconomic factors impact pediatric opioid emergencies. While higher socioeconomic status areas see more opioid activations, lower socioeconomic areas more frequently require naloxone, indicating care disparities.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Pediatric opioid-related emergencies are a growing public health concern.
  • Socioeconomic factors may influence the incidence and management of these emergencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between socioeconomic factors and pediatric opioid-related emergencies.
  • To assess correlations between socioeconomic status and naloxone administration in prehospital settings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) database (January 2018 - December 2021).
  • Utilized the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to assess socioeconomic context.
  • Examined 7,789 pediatric opioid-related emergency medical services (EMS) activations.

Main Results:

  • Areas with higher socioeconomic status (SES) showed a greater likelihood of opioid-related activations (p=0.0112).
  • Conversely, lower SES areas (higher SVI scores) had a higher frequency of naloxone administration.
  • A significant negative linear trend was observed between improving SES and opioid-related activations.

Conclusions:

  • A significant correlation exists between area SES and pediatric opioid-related EMS activations, with an inverse relationship to naloxone administration likelihood.
  • Lower SES areas experience fewer total opioid activations but higher rates of naloxone deployment.
  • Further research is needed to understand and address disparities in opioid crisis management across socioeconomic landscapes.
Abstract

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