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Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
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Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Achieving High Affinity for a Bacterial Lectin with Reversible Covalent Ligands.

Giulia Antonini1, Anna Bernardi1, Emilie Gillon2

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Researchers developed novel covalent ligands to target bacterial lectins, improving anti-adhesion therapy for infections caused by *Burkholderia cenocepacia*. These high-affinity ligands offer a promising new strategy against difficult-to-treat respiratory infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing high-affinity monovalent ligands for lectins is difficult due to weak binding.
  • Bacterial lectins are potential targets for antiadhesion therapy against infections.
  • BC2L-C lectin from *Burkholderia cenocepacia* recognizes host cell oligosaccharides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize rational covalent ligands targeting the BC2L-C lectin N-terminal domain.
  • To investigate the potential of these ligands for antiadhesion therapy against *Burkholderia cenocepacia*.

Main Methods:

  • Computational design of reversible covalent competitive ligands with a fucoside anchor and salicylaldehyde warhead.
  • Synthesis and testing of candidate ligands using competition experiments.
  • Mass analysis to confirm covalent interactions.

Main Results:

  • The most effective ligand enhanced methyl-fucoside IC50 by two orders of magnitude.
  • Ligand affinity matched that of the native H-type 1 trisaccharide.
  • Control experiments validated the importance of both the fucose anchor and salicylaldehyde moiety.

Conclusions:

  • Rationally designed covalent ligands can achieve high affinity for bacterial lectins.
  • These ligands demonstrate potential for antiadhesion therapy against *Burkholderia cenocepacia* infections.
  • Covalent targeting of Lys108 in BC2L-C lectin is a viable strategy.