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Randomized Experiments

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

Group Design

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Best practices for implementing equitable and just large-scale randomized trials in majority world countries.

Samuel Kembou¹, Kaja Jasińska², Amy Ogan³

¹Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration, University of Lausanne.

Developmental Psychology

|October 31, 2024

Summary

This study outlines best practices for equitable international research collaborations in education and development. It emphasizes partnerships and tailored methods for impact evaluations in majority world countries.

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Area of Science:

Developmental research
Education research
Global health equity

Background:

Large-scale impact evaluations and randomized controlled trials are common in developmental and education research.
Experience implementing such programs in majority world countries, particularly West Africa, informs the study.
There is a need for best practices to ensure equity and justice in North-South research collaborations.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a set of best practices for equitable and just collaborations between majority and minority world countries in research.
To enhance the implementation of large-scale impact evaluations and randomized controlled trials in developmental and education research.

Main Methods:

Reflective analysis of experiences implementing research programs in majority world countries.
Qualitative assessment of collaboration dynamics and equity considerations.

Main Results:

Prioritizing research-policy-community partnerships is crucial for equitable collaborations.
Promoting complementary research approaches enhances methodological rigor and local relevance.
Considering measurement timescales and implementing capacity exchange approaches are vital for sustainable partnerships.

Conclusions:

Equitable and just international research collaborations require intentional strategies beyond standard methodologies.
Best practices include strong community partnerships, flexible research designs, and mutual capacity building.
These principles are essential for effective and ethical developmental and education research in majority world contexts.