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Vitamin D Deficiency and Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Emerging evidence suggests a link between vitamin D deficiency and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults.
  • The association between vitamin D levels and pediatric OSA is less understood.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a potential factor influencing OSA severity in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.
  • To evaluate the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) in pediatric OSA patients.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 72 children (aged 2-16 years) with severe OSA (AHI ≥20) undergoing adenotonsillectomy.
  • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were measured; deficiency defined as <20 ng/mL.
  • Statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariable models, assessed the association between vitamin D levels and AHI, controlling for age, sex, race, BMI, asthma, and season.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in 37.5% of the participants.
  • Vitamin D deficiency was associated with younger age, Black race, female sex, and higher AHI in univariate analysis.
  • Multivariable analysis confirmed a significant association between lower vitamin D levels and increased AHI (0.7 increase in AHI per 1.0 unit decrease in 25[OH]D).

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with severe OSA and significantly associated with increased OSA severity.
  • These findings highlight the importance of assessing vitamin D status in pediatric OSA.
  • Further research into vitamin D supplementation as an adjunct therapy for pediatric OSA is warranted.