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Related Concept Videos

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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What is Population Genetics?01:25

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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord
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Comparative population genomics analysis for chicken body sizes using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Sensen Yan1,2, Chaoqun Gao1,2, Kaiyuan Tian1,2

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.

Animal Bioscience
|November 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified key genes like BMP10 and IGF1 influencing chicken body size and growth. This study analyzed genetic variations in large and bantam chickens to understand selection history and economic traits.

Keywords:
Body SizeGenome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)sPopulation StructureRuns of Homozygosity (ROH) IslandsSelection Signatures

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Using RNA-mediated Interference Feeding Strategy to Screen for Genes Involved in Body Size Regulation in the Nematode C. elegans
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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Quantitative Trait Genetics

Background:

  • Chicken body size is a complex economic trait influenced by numerous genes.
  • Understanding the genetic architecture of body size is crucial for poultry breeding and production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the selection history, genome regions, and candidate genes associated with distinct chicken body sizes.
  • To provide insights into the genetic basis of chicken body size and growth.

Main Methods:

  • Population structure analysis using PCA, phylogenetic trees, and ancestry components.
  • Identification of runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands and selection signatures.
  • Analysis of population differentiation index, nucleic acid diversity, and haplotype analysis.

Main Results:

  • Clear genetic separation between large and bantam chicken breeds was observed.
  • 48 and 56 ROH islands were identified in large and bantam chickens, respectively, with eight candidate genes identified.
  • Selection signatures revealed 322 and 447 annotated genes in large and bantam chickens, respectively, including key genes like BMP10, IGF1, and GRB10.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple genes associated with chicken body size, growth, and development were identified through population structure, ROH islands, and selection signatures analysis.
  • This research offers a theoretical foundation for developing molecular markers and understanding the genetic mechanisms of chicken body size.