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Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
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Genetic risk score for coronary artery calcification and its predictive ability for coronary artery disease

Pashupati P Mishra1,2,3, Binisha H Mishra1,2,3, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen1,2,3

  • 1Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology
|November 1, 2024
PubMed

Insights

A new genetic risk score (GRS) for coronary artery calcification (CAC) shows significant predictive ability for coronary artery disease (CAD). This CAC GRS offers added value over traditional risk factors and improves CAD prediction when combined with existing scores.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Genetics
  • Genomic Prediction Models
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Existing genetic risk scores (GRSs) for coronary artery disease (CAD) have modest predictive value.
  • Genetic components influencing CAD may be found in intermediate phenotypes like coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive ability of a CAC-specific GRS for CAD.
  • To assess the added predictive value of CAC GRS over traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and a comprehensive CAD GRS (metaGRS).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized summary data from a large multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of CAC.
  • Investigated associations in three European cohorts: Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC), Tampere Vascular Study (TVS), and Tampere Sudden Death Study (TSDS).
  • Employed a machine learning approach to test the added predictive value of CAC GRS over traditional CVD risk factors and metaGRS using LURIC data.

Main Results:

  • CAC GRS was significantly associated with CAD across all three cohorts (LURIC, TVS, TSDS).
  • CAC GRS demonstrated a strong association with calcification in both left and right coronary arteries.
  • CAC GRS provided statistically significant added predictive value for CAD over traditional CVD risk factors (AUC 0.734 vs 0.717, p=0.02) and improved prediction when combined with metaGRS.

Conclusions:

  • The CAC GRS serves as a novel risk marker for CAD.
  • This GRS offers incremental predictive value beyond established CVD risk factors.
  • Incorporating CAC GRS may enhance the accuracy of CAD risk prediction models.
Abstract

Keywords:
Coronary artery calcificationCoronary artery diseaseGenetic risk scorePrediction

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