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Effect of 1-Week Weight Loss While Maintaining Total Body Water on Jump Performance.

Hiroyuki Sagayama1,2, Makiko Toguchi3, Jun Yasukata4

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Translational Sports Medicine
|November 1, 2024
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A 1-week weight loss program effectively reduced fat mass in volleyball players without negatively impacting muscle function or continuous jump height. This approach aids athletes in fat reduction while preserving performance capabilities.

Keywords:
body composition changesjumping abilityphysical functionweight loss program

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Jumping performance is vital in sports like volleyball.
  • Excess fat mass negatively affects athletic performance.
  • Optimal fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) are crucial for jump height.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a 1-week weight loss intervention on jumping performance and muscle function in volleyball players.
  • To assess if fat mass reduction can be achieved without compromising muscle function or jump height.
  • To evaluate the impact of a weight loss program without water restriction.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were divided into weight loss and control groups.
  • The weight loss group underwent additional jogging and energy restriction for 1 week.
  • Body composition (including total body water and FFM) was measured using the deuterium dilution method.
  • Muscle strength and jump performance (single vertical and continuous jumps) were assessed pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • The weight loss group showed significant reductions in body mass (-2.7%) and fat mass (-17.7%).
  • No significant changes were observed in total body water or fat-free mass (FFM).
  • Muscle strength, handgrip strength, knee extension torque, and continuous jump height remained unchanged.
  • A slight, non-significant decline in single vertical jump height was noted in the weight loss group.

Conclusions:

  • A short-term, 1-week weight loss program can effectively reduce fat mass in athletes.
  • This intervention successfully preserved muscle function and key performance metrics like continuous jump height.
  • The findings support the development of targeted weight management strategies for athletes seeking to reduce fat mass while maintaining athletic performance.