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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Vascular Spasm

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

Coronary Circulation

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm

Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm

Published on: September 17, 2021

Exploring the link between COVID-19 and coronary spasm.

Yoshiyasu Takefuji¹

¹Faculty of Data Science, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Cardiology Cases

|November 1, 2024

Summary

The COVID-19 virus is linked to coronary spasms and other heart conditions. This review highlights the significant association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular complications.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges to global health.
Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular complications.
Coronary spasms, a sudden narrowing of the arteries supplying the heart, are a serious concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comprehensive literature review exploring the association between COVID-19 and coronary spasms.
To synthesize current evidence on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiac events.

Main Methods:

A systematic search of relevant medical literature was performed.
Studies investigating COVID-19 patients with confirmed coronary spasms or related cardiac issues were included.

Keywords:

COVID-19 Coronary spasm Heart diseases Ischemia

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Data from selected studies were analyzed to identify trends and associations.

Main Results:

The literature review indicates a significant association between COVID-19 and the occurrence of coronary spasms.
Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may precipitate or exacerbate coronary artery conditions.
A notable link was observed between COVID-19 and various heart diseases.

Conclusions:

COVID-19 is strongly associated with coronary spasms.
The findings underscore the importance of monitoring cardiovascular health in patients with COVID-19.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.