Therapeutic Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. It can cause various complications, which result in significant morbidity and mortality. There are multiple treatment options available to combat this disease; however, despite this, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is continuously increasing. Some promising results have shown that dysbiosis has a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in animals; however, the usage of FMT in humans needs further clarification and review. We explored PubMed, Popline, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant papers. Eight articles were then finalized after screening and applying eligibility criteria. These articles explored the role of the therapeutic efficacy of FMT in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. The studies showed that the FMT had a positive impact on managing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which is evident in the decline of blood glucose and HBA1c levels and the rise of insulin and C-peptides. In addition, FMT also helped to control other risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and blood pressure; however, the impact on weight loss is not convincing. FMT also influenced the levels of some microbiota, which could be involved in controlling hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Due to limited control trials and study periods and the small sample size of diabetic patients, more research is needed to explore the impact of FMT in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus.