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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
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Allergenic protein-induced type I hypersensitivity models: a review.

Yanhua Feng1, Liangyu Xu2, Jinming Zhang2

  • 1Paediatric Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Nanning, China.

Frontiers in Allergy
|November 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Animal models are crucial for understanding type I hypersensitivity, such as asthma and food allergies. This review details various models, comparing shrimp tropomyosin and ovalbumin approaches for allergy research.

Keywords:
IgERBL-2H3allergyovalbumintype I hypersensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Type I hypersensitivity impacts about one-third of the global population.
  • Its complex pathophysiology necessitates animal models for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Common conditions include asthma, food allergy, and anaphylactic shock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for designing animal models of type I hypersensitivity.
  • To compare shrimp tropomyosin-induced models with ovalbumin-induced models.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed and Web of Science databases.
  • Reviewed various methods for common allergenic protein-induced type I hypersensitivity models.
  • Summarized passive anaphylaxis, active systemic anaphylaxis/anaphylaxis shock, food allergy, asthma, and IgE-mediated cell models.

Main Results:

  • Various models exist for type I hypersensitivity, including passive anaphylaxis, active systemic anaphylaxis/anaphylaxis shock, food allergy, and asthma models.
  • Shrimp tropomyosin-induced models offer specific insights compared to ovalbumin-induced models.
  • Model selection requires careful consideration of protocol variables, species, and strains.

Conclusions:

  • Animal models are essential for advancing the understanding and treatment of type I hypersensitivity.
  • Comparing different allergen-induced models, like shrimp tropomyosin versus ovalbumin, aids in selecting appropriate research tools.
  • Accurate reflection of human clinical symptoms is key in animal model selection.