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  11. Anatomical Variations Of The External Jugular Veins And Collaterals Incidentally Diagnosed With Computed Tomography In Shih Tzu Dogs

Anatomical variations of the external jugular veins and collaterals incidentally diagnosed with computed tomography in Shih Tzu dogs

Seoyoung Cho1, Jupill Chang2, Woosuk Kim3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|November 1, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that 21.7% of Shih Tzu dogs have external jugular vein (EJV) variations, including hypoplasia and aplasia. These canine EJV anomalies often involve compensatory drainage through the internal jugular vein (IJV).

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anatomy
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • The external jugular vein (EJV) is crucial in canine veterinary medicine, yet its anatomical variations are poorly documented.
  • Previous research has focused on human jugular vein variations, leaving a knowledge gap in canine anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of external jugular vein (EJV) anatomical variations in Shih Tzu dogs using CT imaging.
  • To establish a classification system for canine EJV vascular variants.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of CT scans from 547 Shih Tzu dogs across multiple veterinary centers.
  • Classification of EJV variants into five types based on morphology and diameter: normal, unilateral hypoplasia, unilateral aplasia, bilateral hypoplasia, and bilateral aplasia.
Keywords:
Shih Tzu dogscomputed tomographyexternal jugular veinvariations

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Main Results:

  • 119 out of 547 Shih Tzu dogs (21.7%) exhibited EJV variants.
  • Common variants included unilateral hypoplasia (8.4%) and unilateral aplasia (7.5%).
  • Compensatory drainage via the internal jugular vein (IJV) was noted in variants, with a negative correlation between hypoplastic EJV and IJV diameter. A significant association was found between EJV abnormalities and persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC).

Conclusions:

  • Anatomical variants of the external jugular vein (EJV) are more common in Shih Tzu dogs than previously thought.
  • A new classification system for canine EJV variants was introduced.
  • Understanding these EJV variations and compensatory mechanisms is vital for accurate veterinary diagnosis and surgical planning.
vascular