Characterization of Hippo Signaling Components in the Early Dorsal Pancreatic Bud

All pancreatic lineages originate from a transitory structure known as the multipotent progenitor epithelium (MPE), which is a placode formed via epithelial stratification. Cells within the MPE undergo de novo lumenogenesis to give rise to an epithelial plexus, which serves as a progenitor niche for subsequent development of endocrine, ductal and acinar cell types. Recent evidence suggests that Hippo signaling is required for pancreatic cell differentiation, but little is known about the function of Hippo signaling in the development of the MPE. Here, we characterize the expression of YAP1, TAZ, and the Hippo regulators LATS1/2 kinases and MERLIN in early murine pancreatic epithelium, during epithelial stratification, plexus development and emergence of endocrine cells. We find that YAP1 expression is relatively low in the pancreas bud during stratification, but increases by E11.5. Intriguingly, we find that TAZ, but not YAP1, is expressed in early endocrine cells. We further find that MERLIN and LATS1/2 kinases are robustly expressed during the period of rapid stratification and become markedly apical at nascent lumens. To gain a better understanding of how Hippo signaling and lumen formation are connected, we analyzed the expression of Hippo signaling components in an in vitro model of lumen formation and found that they are dynamically regulated during lumenogenesis. Together, our results point to a relationship between Hippo signaling and lumen formation during pancreatic development.

YAP1 expression in the early mouse pancreatic anlagen is low until approximately E11.5, when it becomes localized to cell nuclei in multipotent progenitor cells. At E14.5, we find nuclear YAP1 in ductal cells.YAP1 is not expressed in early and midgestation endocrine cells. By contrast, TAZ is expressed in first transition endocrine cells.Hippo regulators MERLIN and LATS1/2 kinases are robustly expressed in the early pancreatic bud by E10.5. Both MERLIN and LATS1/2 exhibit strong apical localization in epithelial cells at nascent microlumens. Using in vitro models of de novo pancreas lumen formation, we show that YAP1 nuclear localization is high in early phases of lumen formation and gradually decreases as lumens matures.