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Zoon balanitis: not a distinct clinicopathological entity?
Richard E Watchorn1,2, Claire Doyle1, Georgios Kravvas2
1Department of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland.
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
|November 1, 2024
Summary
Zoon balanitis (ZB) may not be a distinct condition but often presents as a manifestation of male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc). This review suggests discontinuing ZB as a separate clinicopathological entity.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Dermatology
- Pathology
Background:
- Zoon balanitis (ZB) was initially described as a distinct clinicopathological entity.
- Its status as a separate diagnosis has been debated, with suggestions it may be related to male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review historical literature on Zoon balanitis (ZB).
- To determine if clinical or histological features of male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) were present but overlooked in reported ZB cases.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive review of 101 published papers on Zoon balanitis (ZB).
- Analysis of images from 66 papers to identify clinical signs of male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc).
Main Results:
- 98.5% of analyzed ZB images displayed clinical signs consistent with male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc).
- Observed signs included adhesions, effacement of the coronal sulcus and frenulum, and glans etiolation.
Conclusions:
- Zoon balanitis (ZB) appears to be a manifestation of male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) in most cases.
- The recognition of Zoon balanitis (ZB) as a distinct clinicopathological entity should be reconsidered.
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