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    We developed a new optical pumping method for spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometers. This technique improves sensitivity to 0.5 fT/Hz1/2, enabling better medical imaging and fundamental physics research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic physics
    • Quantum sensing
    • Magnetometry

    Background:

    • Spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometers achieve fT/Hz1/2 sensitivity.
    • Gradiometer configurations enhance sensitivity by canceling common-mode noise.
    • Channel imbalances due to pump beam attenuation limit gradiometer performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel optical pumping method to equalize channel responses in SERF atomic magnetometer gradiometers.
    • To reduce undesirable optical pumping effects like light shifts and polarization inhomogeneity.
    • To achieve high sensitivity and spatial resolution in atomic magnetometer arrays.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a counter-propagating optical sideband pumping method.
    • Utilized an electro-optic modulator to generate red- and blue-detuned sidebands from a single pump beam.
    • Constructed a gradiometer atomic magnetometer using this pumping scheme.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a magnetic field sensitivity of 0.5 fT/Hz1/2 in the 5–40 Hz range.
    • Demonstrated equal magnetic response between the two gradiometer channels.
    • Significantly reduced light shifts and spatial inhomogeneity in atomic spin polarization.

    Conclusions:

    • The counter-propagating optical sideband pumping method effectively equalizes channel responses in atomic magnetometer gradiometers.
    • This technique enables the development of highly sensitive and spatially resolved atomic magnetometer arrays.
    • Potential applications include advanced magnetocardiography/magnetoencephalography imaging and searches for exotic spin interactions.