Melasma: A Clinical and Epidemiological Single-Group Observational Study in the Greek Population

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Endocrinology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Melasma is a prevalent acquired disorder of melanogenesis, primarily affecting women with facial hyperpigmentation.
• Understanding its epidemiologic characteristics and hormonal influences is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the epidemiologic features of melasma.
• To assess the hormonal profiles and associated factors in melasma patients.

Main Methods:

• A study involving 150 patients at a tertiary care hospital.
• Data collected included clinical patterns, pigment depth, disease severity, heredity, and underlying conditions.
• Endocrinologic profiles and vitamin D levels were assessed.

Main Results:

• Centofacial localization was observed in 74% of patients; dermal type was most common.
• A family history of melasma was present in 38% of patients.
• Pregnancy (36.1%), oral contraceptives (17.4%), mild vitamin D deficiency (22%), and thyroid disorders (21%) were associated factors.

Conclusions:

• Family history significantly correlates with melasma prevalence.
• Sun exposure is a key precipitating factor, particularly in Mediterranean regions.
• Hormonal factors, medications, and vitamin D deficiency may also contribute to melasma development.