Pictorial Essay: 18F FDG Brain PET-MR in Congenital Brain Anomalies Presenting With Seizures

Brain development is a very complex process that starts within first 20 days of gestation. By the third week, prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain) appear. Failure of brain development can occur at any level. Defects in neural tube closure, folding, induction of neuroepithelial migration, and differentiation can result in congenital brain malformation. Similarly, disruption at neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and organization also result in structural anomalies. This pictorial collection highlights the 18F-FDG brain PET-MR findings in children who presented with recurrent seizures. Further to imaging, many required additional investigations such as genetic testing, ophthalmic, cardiorespiratory, and screening laboratory metabolic studies.