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Young children's knowledge about visual perception: projective size and shape.

B H Pillow, J H Flavell

    Child Development
    |February 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Preschoolers aged 4-5 years develop an understanding of visual appearances. However, knowledge of projective size and shape relationships, crucial for visual perception, is not fully acquired until later childhood, indicating cognitive development plays a key role.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Psychology
    • Cognitive Science
    • Visual Perception

    Background:

    • Research suggests visual appearance sensitivity emerges around 4-5 years old.
    • Perceptual studies indicate understanding of projective size and shape develops later, around age 7.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate preschool children's understanding of projective size-distance and shape-orientation relationships.
    • To determine the age at which children grasp these specific visual perception concepts.

    Main Methods:

    • Four experiments were conducted with 3- and 4-year-old children.
    • Tasks involved judging object distance based on apparent size and object rotation for shape changes.

    Main Results:

    • Four-year-olds demonstrated understanding of projective size-distance and shape-orientation, performing significantly above chance.

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  • Three-year-olds did not consistently grasp these relationships, despite showing perceptual ability to notice changes.
  • Performance suggests cognitive limitations, not just perceptual ones, constrain understanding in younger children.

    • Conclusions:

    • The acquisition of knowledge regarding projective size-distance and shape-orientation relationships is not solely perceptual.
    • Cognitive factors appear to play a significant role in the development of these visual perception concepts.
    • Findings support the acquisition of level 2 percept knowledge during early childhood.