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NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA OSTEOMYELITIS IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT CHILDREN: REPORT OF TWO CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Hyun A Lee1, Hyun Joo Jung

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|November 1, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Nontyphoidal Salmonella osteomyelitis is rare but can affect immunocompetent children. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, even without apparent immune dysfunction risk factors.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Bone and joint infections
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Salmonella is an uncommon cause of osteomyelitis.
  • Osteomyelitis is frequently observed in individuals with sickle cell disease.
  • Nontyphoidal Salmonella strains are a recognized cause of osteomyelitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report two consecutive cases of nontyphoidal Salmonella osteomyelitis in immunocompetent children.
  • To highlight the importance of clinical suspicion for early diagnosis in pediatric osteomyelitis.
  • To emphasize that osteomyelitis can occur in children without known immune deficiencies.

Main Methods:

  • Case series description of two pediatric patients.
  • Clinical data review including diagnosis and treatment.
  • Microbiological analysis to identify Salmonella species.

Main Results:

  • Two immunocompetent children were diagnosed with nontyphoidal Salmonella osteomyelitis.
  • Both patients received prompt treatment and recovered.
  • The findings suggest Salmonella osteomyelitis can occur in children without typical risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Immunocompetent children can develop nontyphoidal Salmonella osteomyelitis.
  • Clinical vigilance is essential for timely diagnosis and management of pediatric osteomyelitis.
  • The study underscores the need to consider Salmonella in the differential diagnosis of osteomyelitis, irrespective of immune status.

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