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Midwifery theories: A scoping review.

Sara D C Paz1, Andreia Soares Goncalves2, Conceição Moreira Freitas3

  • 1Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

Midwifery
|November 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review maps midwifery theories, identifying 16 distinct theories. Findings support developing a midwifery model of care and professional autonomy, enhancing practice and outcomes for women and babies.

Keywords:
MidwiferyNurse-midwifeNursing theoryTheoretical models

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Area of Science:

  • Midwifery Science
  • Nursing-Midwifery Metaparadigm
  • Professional Autonomy

Background:

  • Woman-centeredness is central to midwifery.
  • Existing research has mapped midwifery models and care aspects.
  • No prior review comprehensively mapped theories underpinning midwifery practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map and summarize the theories that underpin midwifery practice.
  • To inform the development of a midwifery model of care for low-risk pregnancies in Portugal.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology.
  • The review included 16 documents.

Main Results:

  • Sixteen distinct theories underpinning midwifery practice were identified.
  • Theories varied in philosophical underpinnings and development methodologies.
  • The four concepts of the nursing-midwifery metaparadigm were present in all documents.

Conclusions:

  • A fifth concept, midwife's self-knowledge, should be integrated into midwifery theory.
  • The identified theories can strengthen midwifery's scientific base, professional autonomy, and practice standardization.
  • This compilation aids in improving outcomes assessment and professional communication.