Baclofen-related deaths in Australia 2000-2022

Area of Science:

• Forensic Toxicology
• Clinical Pharmacology
• Public Health Surveillance

Background:

• Baclofen is prescribed for muscle spasms in Australia.
• Previous reports indicate baclofen misuse, dependence, and self-poisoning.
• Understanding baclofen-related fatalities is crucial for public safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the incidence, demographics, and circumstances of baclofen-related deaths in Australia.
• To investigate the toxicological findings in fatal baclofen cases.
• To identify risk factors and patterns associated with baclofen toxicity.

Main Methods:

• National retrospective study of baclofen-related deaths from 2000 to 2022.
• Data collection included case demographics, circumstances of death, and toxicology reports.
• Statistical analysis of identified cases and associated factors.

Main Results:

• 102 baclofen-related deaths were identified; the average age was 45.6 years, with 51% males.
• Intentional toxicity (54.9%) was the leading cause of death, followed by unintentional toxicity (30.4%).
• A high prevalence of mental health issues (73.5%), substance use disorders (43.1%), and concomitant drug use (93.8%) was observed.

Conclusions:

• The typical baclofen-related fatality involved a middle-aged individual with a history of mental health and substance use problems, often due to intentional overdose.
• Concomitant use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines was frequently noted in fatal cases.
• Prescribers should exercise caution due to baclofen's potential for intentional and unintentional overdose.