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Gait event detection accuracy: Effects of amputee gait pattern, terrain and algorithm.

Eugenia Soledad Muñoz-Larrosa1, Mauricio Riveras1, Matthew Oldfield2

  • 1Institute for Research and Development in Bioengineering and Bioinformatics (BB), CONICET-UNER, Ruta 11, Km 10, Oro Verde, Argentina; Laboratory of Research in Human Movement, School of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, 3101, Argentina.

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Summary

Three kinematic algorithms accurately detect gait events in individuals with lower limb amputation across different terrains. All algorithms are suitable if 40ms accuracy is acceptable for gait event detection.

Keywords:
Foot OffInitial ContactLevel GroundRampSlope

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Technology
  • Gait Analysis

Background:

  • Kinematic-based algorithms show promise for gait event detection.
  • Limited validation exists for amputee gait on varied terrains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate Coordinate-Based Algorithm (CBA), Velocity-Based Algorithm (VBA), and High-Pass Filtered Algorithms (HPA) accuracy.
  • Assess gait event detection in unilateral transtibial amputees on level ground and slopes.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve unilateral transtibial amputees walked on different terrains with a hydraulic ankle prosthesis.
  • Compared algorithm detection of Initial Contact (IC) and Foot Off (FO) against force platforms.
  • Analyzed True Error (TE) for over 100 events per condition.

Main Results:

  • Mean True Error (TE) was below 40ms for all algorithms and conditions.
  • Significant interactions found between terrain, algorithm, and limb.
  • Algorithm, limb, and terrain all influenced detection accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • All three algorithms (CBA, VBA, HPA) are viable for amputee gait event detection if 40ms accuracy is sufficient.
  • For critical applications, algorithm evaluation on specific pathological gaits and terrains is recommended.