Cervical cancer screening in high-risk patients: Clinical challenges in primary care

The risk of developing cervical cancer is not equal across populations-individual health history, economic, political, and societal factors influence cervical cancer risk. Certain health conditions, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, immunosuppression, and history of high-grade cervical dysplasia, are associated with higher cervical cancer risk and warrant distinct screening, surveillance, and management guidelines. It is imperative for clinicians to recognize high-risk groups and apply appropriate corresponding guidelines. However, this can be difficult in practice, as recommendations regularly evolve. This review offers up-to-date guidance in a case-based format on cervical cancer screening, surveillance, and management for high-risk patients.