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Updated: Jun 8, 2025

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Ancient environmental microbiomes and the cryosphere.

Alexander D Williams1, Vivian W Leung2, Julian W Tang3

  • 1Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D(2)4H), 12/F, Building 19W, 19 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.

Trends in Microbiology
|November 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores recovering ancient microbial nucleic acids from icy environments. It covers methods, contamination controls, and bioinformatics for ancient environmental microbiome research.

Keywords:
DNA damageaRNAaeDNAicemetagenomicspermafrost

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Cryosphere science
  • Paleogenomics

Background:

  • Cryosphere environments (ice and permafrost) offer unique conditions for preserving ancient microbial life.
  • Studying ancient environmental microbiomes (AEMs) is crucial for understanding past ecosystems and climate.
  • Current research relies on assumptions regarding nucleic acid preservation in these extreme environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the feasibility of recovering microbial nucleic acids (NAs) from ancient ice and permafrost.
  • To discuss challenges and opportunities in AEM research within cryosphere settings.
  • To provide an overview of current and emerging methodologies for AEM analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical and empirical studies on nucleic acid recovery from ice and permafrost.
  • Summary of contamination control best practices for ancient samples.
  • Evaluation of shotgun metagenomics and bioinformatic authentication approaches for AEM studies.

Main Results:

  • Delineation of cryosphere-specific challenges and opportunities for AEM research.
  • Assessment of the viability of recovering microbial NAs from varying ages of ice and permafrost.
  • Overview of relevant software and bioinformatic tools for AEM data analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Successful recovery of microbial NAs from cryosphere environments is theoretically and empirically feasible.
  • Standardized contamination control and advanced bioinformatic tools are essential for reliable AEM studies.
  • Future research should focus on addressing outstanding challenges and refining methodologies in cryosphere-based AEM research.