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Risk factors for self-reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

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    Complete abstinence before pregnancy and planning significantly reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Education on fetal alcohol syndrome risks is crucial for expectant mothers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Public Health
    • Fetal Development Research

    Background:

    • Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a leading preventable cause of impaired fetal development.
    • Data on alcohol use prevalence, risk factors, and awareness among pregnant women in Slovakia are limited.
    • Understanding these factors is critical for targeted public health interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Slovakia.
    • To identify risk factors associated with alcohol use in pregnant women.
    • To assess pregnant women's awareness of the detrimental effects of alcohol exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective questionnaire was administered to 402 women post-childbirth.
    • Data collected included alcohol consumption patterns before and during pregnancy, pregnancy planning, and awareness of alcohol's risks.
    • Statistical analysis, including relative risk (RR), was used to identify significant associations.

    Main Results:

    • 12.8% of women were abstinent before pregnancy; complete abstinence was the strongest protective factor (RR: 0.03).
    • 30.8% of women who drank pre-pregnancy continued during pregnancy (26.9% of all participants).
    • Risk factors included unplanned pregnancy (RR: 1.32), inadequate awareness of risks (71.9% vs 75.4%), and heavy pre-pregnancy drinking (RR: 2.55).

    Conclusions:

    • Complete abstinence prior to conception is the most effective preventive measure.
    • Pregnancy planning and comprehensive education on the teratogenic effects of alcohol are vital.
    • These findings align with European data emphasizing the importance of prenatal alcohol education and planning.