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Risk factors for self-reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Bratislavske Lekarske Listy
|November 2, 2024
Summary
Complete abstinence before pregnancy and planning significantly reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Education on fetal alcohol syndrome risks is crucial for expectant mothers.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Public Health
- Fetal Development Research
Background:
- Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a leading preventable cause of impaired fetal development.
- Data on alcohol use prevalence, risk factors, and awareness among pregnant women in Slovakia are limited.
- Understanding these factors is critical for targeted public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Slovakia.
- To identify risk factors associated with alcohol use in pregnant women.
- To assess pregnant women's awareness of the detrimental effects of alcohol exposure.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective questionnaire was administered to 402 women post-childbirth.
- Data collected included alcohol consumption patterns before and during pregnancy, pregnancy planning, and awareness of alcohol's risks.
- Statistical analysis, including relative risk (RR), was used to identify significant associations.
Main Results:
- 12.8% of women were abstinent before pregnancy; complete abstinence was the strongest protective factor (RR: 0.03).
- 30.8% of women who drank pre-pregnancy continued during pregnancy (26.9% of all participants).
- Risk factors included unplanned pregnancy (RR: 1.32), inadequate awareness of risks (71.9% vs 75.4%), and heavy pre-pregnancy drinking (RR: 2.55).
Conclusions:
- Complete abstinence prior to conception is the most effective preventive measure.
- Pregnancy planning and comprehensive education on the teratogenic effects of alcohol are vital.
- These findings align with European data emphasizing the importance of prenatal alcohol education and planning.
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