Advanced laser-induced graphene-based electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of C-reactive protein

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Nanomaterials Science
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• C-reactive protein (CRP) is a key biomarker for inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
• Sensitive and selective detection of CRP is crucial for early diagnosis and patient management.
• Existing detection methods may lack the sensitivity or efficiency required for widespread clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an advanced electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) detection.
• To utilize a novel electrode material combining laser-induced graphene (LIG) and MXene-gold nanoparticles (Mx-AuNPs).
• To evaluate the sensor's performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and detection range for CRP.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a LIG/Mx-AuNPs electrode by in-situ reduction of HAuCl4 using MXene.
• Characterization of the nanocomposite using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
• Immobilization of anti-CRP antibodies onto the electrode surface via a cysteamine linker for specific CRP capture.

Main Results:

• The LIG/Mx-AuNPs electrode exhibited enhanced surface area and conductivity, leading to superior electrochemical performance.
• The developed immunosensor demonstrated a wide detection range for CRP from 10 pg mL⁻¹ to 10 µg mL⁻¹.
• A low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.45 pg mL⁻¹ and high selectivity for CRP were achieved.

Conclusions:

• The LIG/Mx-AuNPs-based electrochemical immunosensor provides a highly sensitive and selective platform for CRP detection.
• This technology holds significant promise for the early diagnosis of inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
• The developed immunosensor can contribute to improved patient outcomes through timely and accurate biomarker monitoring.