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The m6A-YTH regulatory system in plants: A status.
Peter Brodersen1, Laura Arribas-Hernández2
1University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Biology, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|November 2, 2024
Summary
Plants regulate gene expression using N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on mRNA. Key proteins with YT521-B homology (YTH) domains and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are crucial for this process, impacting development and responses.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Plant Science
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Plants utilize mRNA methylation, primarily N6-methyladenosine (m6A), for gene expression regulation.
- Core components include nuclear methyltransferases and RNA-binding proteins with YT521-B homology (YTH) domains and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying m6A-based gene regulation in plants.
- To highlight the roles of cytoplasmic YTH-domain proteins in plant development and responses.
Main Methods:
- Investigated conserved RNA-binding proteins and their domains (YTH, IDRs).
- Focused on molecular mechanisms including phase separation and protein-protein interactions via short linear motifs.
Main Results:
- Identified intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and short linear motifs as key functional elements.
- Demonstrated the importance of IDR-mediated phase separation and protein interactions for YTH-domain protein function.
Conclusions:
- Cytoplasmic YTH-domain proteins are critical for m6A-mediated gene regulation in plants.
- IDR-mediated phase separation and specific protein interactions are central to the function of these regulatory proteins.
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