ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Onset of Scrotal Pain-Without Trauma, Without Antecedent Mass: 2024 Update

Acute scrotum is a medical emergency that requires prompt accurate diagnosis to appropriately triage potentially surgical conditions. Numerous differential diagnoses with overlapping clinical presentations make this a diagnostic challenge. Ultrasound is the established first-line imaging modality for acute scrotal disease and can be used to diagnose most scrotal disorders promptly and with high accuracy. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.