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The emerging role of PANoptosis in viral infections disease
Xu Cheng1, Taoyuan Zeng1, Yingshu Xu1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Abstract:
PANoptosis is a distinct inflammatory cell death mechanism that involves interactions between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. It can be regulated by diverse PANoptosome complexes built by integrating components from various cell death modalities. There is a rising interest in PANoptosis' process and functions. Viral infection is an important trigger of PANoptosis. Viruses invade host cells through their unique mechanisms and utilize host cell resources for replication and proliferation. In this process, viruses interfere with the normal physiological functions of host cells, including cell death mechanisms. A variety of viruses, such as influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) and coronaviruses, have been found to induce PANoptosis in host cells. Given the importance of PANoptosis across the disease spectrum, this review briefly describes the relationships between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, highlights the key molecules in PANoptosome formation and activation, and outlines the multifaceted roles of PANoptosis in viral diseases, including potential therapeutic targets. We also talk about key principles and significant concerns for future PANoptosis research. Improved understanding of PANoptosis and its mechanisms is critical for discovering new treatment targets and methods.
Insights
PANoptosis, a cell death process involving pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is triggered by viral infections. Understanding PANoptosis is key to developing new treatments for viral diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Virology
Background:
- PANoptosis is an inflammatory cell death pathway integrating pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
- PANoptosis is regulated by PANoptosome complexes and is increasingly recognized for its role in disease.
- Viral infections are significant triggers of PANoptosis, impacting host cell functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms and roles of PANoptosis, particularly in viral diseases.
- To highlight key molecules involved in PANoptosome formation and activation.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets for viral diseases based on PANoptosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on PANoptosis.
- Analysis of molecular interactions within PANoptosome complexes.
- Examination of viral induction of PANoptosis and its consequences.
Main Results:
- PANoptosis integrates multiple cell death pathways and is modulated by specific molecular complexes.
- Various viruses, including IAV, HSV1, and coronaviruses, can induce PANoptosis.
- PANoptosis plays a multifaceted role in viral pathogenesis, presenting therapeutic opportunities.
Conclusions:
- Understanding PANoptosis is crucial for advancing treatments against viral infections.
- Further research into PANoptosis mechanisms and regulation is warranted.
- Targeting PANoptosis pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for viral diseases.
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