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Fungal Infections of the Sinonasal Tract and Their Differential Diagnoses

Manuel Lora Gonzalez1, Rebecca D Chernock2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Surgical Pathology Clinics
|November 3, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This review highlights fungal rhinosinusitis, differentiating noninvasive and invasive types. Surgical pathologists are key to identifying aggressive invasive fungal rhinosinusitis early.

Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Mycology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Fungal rhinosinusitis encompasses diverse diseases, including noninvasive and invasive forms.
  • Clinical presentations often overlap, complicating diagnosis.
  • Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis represents a life-threatening subtype requiring prompt identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fungal infections of the sinonasal tract.
  • To discuss histopathologic mimickers of fungal rhinosinusitis.
  • To outline diagnostic features and ancillary studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of fungal rhinosinusitis.
  • Analysis of clinical, gross, and microscopic diagnostic features.
  • Evaluation of ancillary studies for sinonasal fungal infections.

Main Results:

  • Fungal rhinosinusitis presents a spectrum from indolent to aggressive forms.
  • Accurate histopathologic examination is critical for distinguishing subtypes.
  • Key features aid in differentiating fungal infections from mimics.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical pathology is essential for diagnosing invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.
  • Understanding diagnostic criteria improves patient outcomes.
  • This review provides a guide for sinonasal fungal infection diagnosis.
Keywords:
Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitisAllergic fungal rhinosinusitisChronic granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitisFungal rhinosinusitisFungal sinusitisFungus ball

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