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Exploring genotypic variation and gene expression associated to cadmium accumulation in bread wheat.
Zinat Abdolmalaki1, Aboozar Soorni2, Fatemeh Beigi1
1Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
Scientific Reports
|November 3, 2024
Summary
Bread wheat cultivars show varied cadmium (Cd) accumulation and tolerance. The Barat cultivar has low grain Cd and high tolerance, suitable for food, while others suit animal feed based on Cd levels.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Environmental Science
- Plant Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil poses risks to agriculture and human health via crop accumulation.
- Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop susceptible to cadmium accumulation.
- Understanding genetic variability in wheat's response to cadmium is crucial for food safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate cadmium accumulation and tolerance in six bread wheat cultivars.
- To analyze the expression of TaNRAMP and TaZIP genes involved in cadmium uptake and transport.
- To identify wheat cultivars suitable for food or animal feed based on cadmium accumulation.
Main Methods:
- Six bread wheat cultivars were exposed to varying cadmium concentrations (0-25 mg kg-1 soil).
- Phenotypic assessments and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used for analysis.
- Expression patterns of TaNRAMP and TaZIP genes were studied in different tissues and developmental stages.
Main Results:
- Significant variability in cadmium accumulation was observed among cultivars.
- Barat cultivar showed the lowest grain cadmium accumulation and highest tolerance.
- Gene expression analysis revealed roles for TaNRAMP and TaZIP genes in cadmium uptake and transport, with TaZIP1 expression inversely correlating with high cadmium accumulation.
Conclusions:
- Wheat cultivars exhibit distinct genetic responses to cadmium stress.
- Barat is suitable for bread-making due to low cadmium accumulation; Morvarid and Pishtaz are better for animal feed.
- Findings provide insights for breeding cadmium-tolerant wheat varieties to ensure food security in contaminated areas.
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