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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Clinical Application of Single-Surgeon, Three-Port, Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction
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Resident Race and Operative Experience in General Surgery Residency: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Nicole Panzica1, Alexander R Cortez2, Chukwuma Eruchalu3

  • 1University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|November 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Underrepresented in medicine (URiM) general surgery residents face significant barriers to obtaining operative case numbers. Addressing these disparities requires clear participation standards and enhanced mentorship to ensure equitable surgical training.

Keywords:
Case logsDisparitiesEducational disparitiesOperative trainingRacialSurgical education

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Health Inequity

Background:

  • Quantitative studies reveal disparities in operative case numbers for Black general surgery residents.
  • Addressing underrepresentation in medicine (URiM) requires understanding barriers to surgical training.
  • Mixed-methods research is crucial to identify and mitigate inequities in resident operative experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore barriers preventing general surgery residents from operating.
  • To identify potential solutions for improving operative experience, particularly for URiM residents.
  • To investigate the impact of race and ethnicity on surgical training.

Main Methods:

  • Electronic surveys with open-ended and Likert scale questions distributed to residents at 21 US general surgery programs.
  • Qualitative analysis of free-text responses by three independent reviewers.
  • Quantitative analysis of survey data to compare experiences between URiM and non-URiM residents.

Main Results:

  • URiM residents (62%) were significantly more likely than non-URiM residents (13%) to report barriers in obtaining case numbers.
  • Floor work and clinical duties were primary barriers to operating room time for all residents.
  • Racial bias was a frequently cited barrier for URiM residents, impacting their training quality.
  • Increased attending-level mentorship and objective standards for case participation were suggested solutions.

Conclusions:

  • URiM residents encounter substantially more barriers to acquiring surgical case numbers than their non-URiM peers.
  • Establishing clear operative participation benchmarks and enhancing mentorship are key strategies to promote equitable surgical training.
  • Addressing systemic barriers is essential for achieving parity in surgical education for all residents.