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Related Experiment Videos

The origin of the osteoclast.

H Hanaoka

    Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
    |November 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    The origin of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption, is primarily from blood-borne hematopoietic cells, not local bone cells. Further research is needed to fully understand osteoclast development and related giant cells.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Skeletal Biology
    • Histology

    Background:

    • The cellular origin of osteoclasts, crucial for bone remodeling, has been a long-standing debate.
    • Two main hypotheses exist: skeletal (local) origin versus extraskeletal (blood-borne) origin.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and synthesize evidence regarding the origin of osteoclasts.
    • To evaluate the prevailing theories on osteoclast differentiation and development.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of various experimental approaches including microscopy, autoradiography, and nuclear markers.
    • Analysis of studies supporting both skeletal and extraskeletal origins.
    • Examination of cell fusion events in osteoclast formation.

    Main Results:

    • Electron microscopy suggests osteocytes and preosteoblasts can merge with osteoclasts.
    • Autoradiography and nuclear marker studies strongly support an extraskeletal origin from hematopoietic cells.
    • The majority of evidence aligns with osteoclasts originating from the mononuclear phagocyte system.

    Conclusions:

    • Osteoclasts predominantly originate from extrinsic, blood-borne hematopoietic cells.
    • While extraskeletal origin is favored, fusion with local osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells may occur during nuclear increase.
    • Unresolved questions remain regarding osteoclast relationships with other giant cells.

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