[Postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis: Differential diagnosis and confirmation]

Postoperative endophthalmitis is a bacterial infection that most often occurs acutely a few days after surgery. Any postoperative inflammation should raise the suspicion of acute endophthalmitis, especially if vitritis is present. Suspicion of the diagnosis must be combined with emergent therapeutic management in order to improve the anatomical and functional prognosis. The differential diagnoses are toxic anterior/posterior segment syndrome, phacoantigenic uveitis and inflammation of mechanical origin linked to implant malposition. Each entity requires its own specific treatment.