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Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
06:45

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity

Published on: September 16, 2022

2.1K

Vertebral augmentation: How we do it.

Junaid Raja1, Jake DiFatta1, Junjian Huang1

  • 1Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.

Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology
|November 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vertebral augmentation techniques like kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty offer minimally invasive treatment for vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). These procedures relieve pain and restore spinal stability by injecting bone cement.

Keywords:
AugmentationFractureKyphoplastyOsteoperosisVertebroplasty

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Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
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Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
06:45

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity

Published on: September 16, 2022

2.1K
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

359

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) result in height loss, pain, and increased stress on healthy vertebrae.
  • VCFs are commonly caused by osteoporosis, cancer metastasis, or trauma.
  • Deleterious effects of VCFs can compound, leading to further spinal degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of vertebral augmentation techniques for VCFs.
  • To emphasize the technical aspects of kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty, and intravertebral implants.
  • To discuss pre- and postprocedural considerations for these interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of percutaneous vertebral augmentation procedures.
  • Detailed description of vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and intravertebral implant techniques.
  • Discussion of transpedicular needle access and polymer cement introduction.

Main Results:

  • Vertebral augmentation techniques relieve pain and restore structural integrity.
  • Kyphoplasty utilizes balloons to restore vertebral height before cement injection.
  • Intravertebral implants use expandable jacks to restore structure prior to cement placement.

Conclusions:

  • Vertebral augmentation offers minimally invasive options for VCF treatment.
  • These techniques are suitable for patients who are poor candidates for open surgery.
  • The procedures aim to alleviate pain and prevent further spinal deformity.