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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Development of the Heart01:27

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Analysis of Cardiomyocyte Development using Immunofluorescence in Embryonic Mouse Heart
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Long noncoding RNA VENTHEART is required for ventricular cardiomyocyte specification and function.

Yiqing Yang1, Albert Dashi2, Poh Loong Soong3

  • 1Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Healthcare Systems, Singapore; NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|November 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified VENTHEART (VHRT), a novel long noncoding RNA crucial for ventricular cardiomyocyte development. Loss of VHRT impairs ventricular function but not atrial function, highlighting its subtype-specific role.

Keywords:
Cardiac myocyte specification and maturationCardiomyocyte contractionSingle cell RNAseqStem cell derived cardiomyocytesTranscriptomiclncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in cardiomyocyte differentiation and function.
  • Knowledge of lncRNAs in later cardiac lineage specification and maturation is limited.
  • Atrial and ventricular lncRNA expression differences are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel ventricular myocyte-restricted lncRNA.
  • To investigate its conservation and function in primate hearts.
  • To determine its specific role in atrial versus ventricular cardiomyocyte development.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) at 2, 6, and 12 weeks.
  • Weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify core gene modules.
  • CRISPR-mediated gene deletion of the identified lncRNA (VENTHEART, VHRT) and subsequent functional assays.

Main Results:

  • VENTHEART (VHRT) was identified as a lncRNA highly abundant in the human heart, co-expressed with ventricular-specific genes (MYL2, MYH7).
  • VHRT is expressed in fetal and adult ventricles but not atria.
  • VHRT deletion impaired sarcomere formation and ventricular gene programs in ventricular CMs, but not atrial CMs, and prolonged action potential duration in ventricular-like CMs.

Conclusions:

  • VENTHEART (VHRT) is the first identified lncRNA exclusively required for ventricular cardiomyocyte specification and function.
  • This finding reveals a novel mechanism for ventricular subtype-specific cardiac development.
  • VHRT's primate-specific conservation suggests an important evolutionary role in ventricular heart development.