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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

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Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
The first classification criterion is based on cell type, position, and function. Some receptor cells are neurons with free nerve endings, where their dendrites are embedded in the...
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
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Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

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Insect olfactory neurons: receptors, development, and function.

Hua Yan1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Current Opinion in Insect Science
|November 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores insect olfaction, detailing odorant receptor complexes, gene expression, neural development, and behavior. It highlights recent advances in understanding these diverse sensory systems.

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Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna
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Using Single Sensillum Recording to Detect Olfactory Neuron Responses of Bed Bugs to Semiochemicals
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Related Experiment Videos

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Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
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Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

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Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna
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Using Single Sensillum Recording to Detect Olfactory Neuron Responses of Bed Bugs to Semiochemicals
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Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Insects exhibit remarkable diversity in their olfactory systems, despite shared organizational principles.
  • Significant progress in understanding insect olfaction has been made, particularly in Drosophila.
  • Recent research has focused on odorant receptor and co-receptor (OR-Orco) complex stoichiometry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in insect olfactory research.
  • To highlight progress in understanding the OR-Orco complex structure and function.
  • To examine chemosensory gene co-expression, neural development, and gene/neuron roles in olfactory behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Synthesis of findings on OR-Orco complex stoichiometry and function.
  • Analysis of studies on chemosensory gene co-expression and neural development.

Main Results:

  • The OR-Orco complex structure and function are increasingly understood.
  • Chemosensory gene co-expression patterns reveal insights into olfactory coding.
  • Diverse neural developmental processes contribute to olfactory system variation.
  • Genes and neurons play critical roles in olfactory development and behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Insect olfaction is a complex and diverse field with ongoing research.
  • Recent advances provide a deeper understanding of the molecular and neural basis of smell in insects.
  • Further research will continue to unravel the intricacies of insect olfactory systems and their behavioral relevance.