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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
Pancreatic Juice and Secretion01:26

Pancreatic Juice and Secretion

Pancreatic juice is a clear fluid produced by the pancreas, containing water, salts, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes vital for digestion in the small intestine. It helps break down large molecules, facilitating nutrient absorption.
When acidic chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum, it triggers the release of secretin, a hormone that prompts pancreatic juice secretion. After a fatty meal, cholecystokinin, another hormone, stimulates gallbladder contraction and enhances enzyme-rich...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Assessing the Secretory Capacity of Pancreatic Acinar Cells
09:52

Assessing the Secretory Capacity of Pancreatic Acinar Cells

Published on: August 28, 2014

Decrease in plasma amino acid level after secretin and pancreozymin as an indicator of exocrine pancreatic function.

S Domschke, G Heptner, S Kolb

    Gastroenterology
    |April 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new tubeless amino acid test effectively identifies exocrine pancreatic insufficiency by measuring plasma amino acid changes after secretin and pancreozymin stimulation. This test shows high sensitivity for detecting moderate to severe pancreatic dysfunction.

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    Published on: May 2, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Gastroenterology
    • Diagnostic Medicine

    Background:

    • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) impairs digestion and nutrient absorption.
    • Accurate diagnosis of EPI is crucial for timely management.
    • Current diagnostic methods can be invasive or lack sensitivity for mild cases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate a novel tubeless amino acid test for diagnosing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
    • To assess the correlation between plasma amino acid changes and pancreatic enzyme output.
    • To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the test in differentiating controls from patients with varying degrees of EPI.

    Main Methods:

    • Plasma total amino acid levels were measured using the ninhydrin method.
    • Participants received intravenous secretin and pancreozymin infusions.
    • Changes in plasma amino acid concentrations were analyzed in controls and patients with EPI.
    • Individual amino acid kinetics were assessed in a subset of participants.

    Main Results:

    • Patients with EPI showed significantly smaller decreases in plasma amino acids post-infusion compared to controls (6.3% vs. 31%).
    • The test achieved 91% overall sensitivity for detecting moderate to severe EPI and 67% for mild EPI.
    • Plasma serine kinetics demonstrated complete distinction between control and EPI groups.
    • Individual amino acid kinetics, particularly serine, valine, isoleucine, and histidine, correlated strongly with pancreatic function.

    Conclusions:

    • The tubeless amino acid test is a sensitive and specific method for diagnosing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
    • Plasma amino acid kinetics, especially serine, offer a promising biomarker for assessing pancreatic exocrine function.
    • This diagnostic approach provides a non-invasive alternative for evaluating pancreatic digestive capacity.