Impact of Simultaneous Presence of Multiple PML-RARA Isoforms on Phenotype in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic
Emine Goktas1, Ayse Gul Zamani1, Mahmut Selman Yildirim1
1Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkiye.
Objective:
To determine the coexistence of multiple PML-RARA transcripts in adult APL (acute promyelotic leukaemia) patients, and its impact on the patients' laboratory parameters, treatment responses, and prognoses.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty of Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkiye, from January 2015 to March 2023.
Methodology:
The study group consisted of individuals diagnosed with APL. RNA isolation was performed by taking blood or bone marrow samples and the presence of breakpoints in PML-RARA bcr1, bcr2, and bcr3 was detected using the real-time PCR. However, the quantification of PML-RARA fusion transcripts cannot be provided using the utilised kit.
Results:
Twelve women and eight men were examined with a mean age of 38 years (range: 19-80), and 46.5 years (range: 22-60) were examined, respectively. When evaluating patients based on isoforms, it was found that 40% had multiple isoforms. Nineteen (95%) patients achieved haematologic remission after the treatment. Only one patient who had three different isoforms did not achieve remission. The estimated median survival for patients with a single isoform and those with multiple isoforms was 78.1 months (95% CI: 37.8-117.6) and 71.7 months (46.2-97.2), respectively. Two of the patients with multiple isoforms were lost in the early stage, whereas no early-stage mortality was recorded among patients with a single isoform.
Conclusion:
Identifying PML-RARA isoform subtypes is important for predicting prognosis and informing clinical follow-up.
Key Words:
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia, Breakpoint cluster region, Isoform, PML-RARA.
