Surgical Management of Acute Forearm Compartment Syndrome Due to Suspected Edematous Cutaneous Loxoscelism

BACKGROUND Compartment syndrome of the forearm has been associated with a variety of etiologies, including fractures, snake bites, complications of certain infections, and, very rarely, spider bites. Loxoscelism is the venom-related clinical manifestation of the bite of spiders of the genus Loxosceles, also called brown or fiddler (violinist) spiders. It manifests locally/regionally with pain, erythema, and edema, with subsequent necrotic plaque formation at the site of the bite. This condition can threaten the function and integrity of the limbs and, in severe cases, can be life-threatening. The basis of treatment is surgical decompression of the affected compartments to restore limb perfusion and avoid irreversible sequelae. CASE REPORT A 62-year-old male patient, without comorbidities, had edematous cutaneous loxoscelism and secondary development of acute compartment syndrome of the right forearm. He promptly visited the Emergency Department and underwent surgical treatment, in addition to the application of pharmacological treatment, under a multidisciplinary team. The evolution was favorable. The biochemical levels of rhabdomyolysis decreased, the compartment syndrome resolved, the fasciotomies were closed, and the patient was discharged without further complications. CONCLUSIONS Although arachnid bites are relatively uncommon in urban hospitals, it is crucial that general, vascular, and plastic surgeons maintain a high index of clinical suspicion for acute compartment syndrome. It is important to make an accurate differential diagnosis, and equally important is the interdisciplinary approach to treating this condition, ensuring prompt medical treatment and, if necessary, early surgical intervention.