Functionalized carbon electrocatalysts in energy conversion and storage applications: A review

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Renewable Energy

Background:

• Global energy crises and environmental concerns drive the need for sustainable energy solutions.
• Renewable energy sources are crucial for industrialization and societal well-being.
• Porous activated carbon (PAC) offers a sustainable and efficient material for energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in porous activated carbon (PAC) electrode materials.
• To highlight the application of PAC in electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems, particularly supercapacitors.
• To discuss challenges, progress, and future prospects of PAC electrodes.

Main Methods:

• Summarizing systematic methods for modifying PAC from biomass and commercial sources.
• Reviewing the synthesis and characterization of PAC-based electrode materials.
• Analyzing the performance of PAC in supercapacitors and other energy devices.

Main Results:

• PAC demonstrates excellent properties for energy storage, including high surface area, porosity, and long cycle life.
• PAC is a preferred electrode material for supercapacitors due to its cost-effectiveness and performance.
• Modified PAC materials show significant potential for efficient energy generation.

Conclusions:

• Porous activated carbon is a key material for developing efficient and sustainable electrochemical energy systems.
• Continued research into PAC modification and application will drive progress in renewable energy technologies.
• PAC electrodes offer a viable, eco-friendly alternative for energy conversion and storage devices.